<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Framework\Waf\MachineLearning;

use App\Framework\Core\ValueObjects\Duration;
use App\Framework\Core\ValueObjects\Percentage;
use App\Framework\DateTime\Clock;
use App\Framework\MachineLearning\ValueObjects\Baseline;
use App\Framework\MachineLearning\ValueObjects\Feature;
use App\Framework\MachineLearning\ValueObjects\FeatureType;

/**
 * Manages behavioral baselines for anomaly detection
 */
final class BaselineManager
{
    public function __construct(
        private readonly Clock $clock,
        private readonly Duration $baselineUpdateInterval,
        private readonly Duration $baselineMaxAge,
        private readonly int $minSamplesForBaseline = 50,
        private readonly int $maxSamplesPerBaseline = 10000,
        private readonly float $learningRate = 0.1,
        private readonly bool $enableAdaptiveBaselines = true,
        private readonly bool $enableSeasonalAdjustment = true,
        private array $baselines = [],
        private array $featureHistory = [],
        private array $updateTimestamps = [],
        private array $performanceMetrics = []
    ) {
    }

    /**
     * Get baseline for a specific behavior type and feature
     */
    public function getBaseline(FeatureType $behaviorType, string $featureName = 'default'): ?Baseline
    {
        $key = $this->generateBaselineKey($behaviorType, $featureName);

        if (! isset($this->baselines[$key])) {
            return null;
        }

        $baseline = $this->baselines[$key];

        // Check if baseline is too old
        if ($this->isBaselineExpired($baseline)) {
            unset($this->baselines[$key]);

            return null;
        }

        return $baseline;
    }

    /**
     * Update baseline with new feature data
     */
    public function updateBaseline(Feature $feature): void
    {
        $key = $this->generateBaselineKey($feature->type, $feature->name);

        // Record feature in history
        $this->recordFeature($key, $feature);

        // Check if update is needed
        if (! $this->shouldUpdateBaseline($key)) {
            return;
        }

        $existingBaseline = $this->baselines[$key] ?? null;
        $featureHistory = $this->featureHistory[$key] ?? [];

        if (count($featureHistory) < $this->minSamplesForBaseline) {
            return;
        }

        // Create or update baseline
        if ($existingBaseline === null) {
            $this->baselines[$key] = $this->createInitialBaseline($feature->type, $feature->name, $featureHistory);
        } else {
            $this->baselines[$key] = $this->updateExistingBaseline($existingBaseline, $featureHistory);
        }

        $this->updateTimestamps[$key] = $this->clock->time();

        // Record performance metrics
        $this->recordBaselineUpdate($key, count($featureHistory));
    }

    /**
     * Update baseline incrementally with new feature
     */
    public function updateBaselineIncremental(Feature $feature): void
    {
        $key = $this->generateBaselineKey($feature->type, $feature->name);
        $existingBaseline = $this->baselines[$key] ?? null;

        if ($existingBaseline === null) {
            // Need enough samples for initial baseline
            $this->updateBaseline($feature);

            return;
        }

        // Incremental update using exponential moving average
        $newBaseline = $this->incrementalUpdate($existingBaseline, $feature);
        $this->baselines[$key] = $newBaseline;
        $this->updateTimestamps[$key] = $this->clock->time();

        // Record feature for history
        $this->recordFeature($key, $feature);
    }

    /**
     * Get all baselines for a behavior type
     */
    public function getBaselinesForFeatureType(FeatureType $behaviorType): array
    {
        $baselines = [];

        foreach ($this->baselines as $key => $baseline) {
            if ($baseline->type === $behaviorType && ! $this->isBaselineExpired($baseline)) {
                $baselines[$key] = $baseline;
            }
        }

        return $baselines;
    }

    /**
     * Clean expired baselines
     */
    public function cleanExpiredBaselines(): int
    {
        $removedCount = 0;

        foreach ($this->baselines as $key => $baseline) {
            if ($this->isBaselineExpired($baseline)) {
                unset($this->baselines[$key]);
                unset($this->featureHistory[$key]);
                unset($this->updateTimestamps[$key]);
                $removedCount++;
            }
        }

        return $removedCount;
    }

    /**
     * Get baseline statistics
     */
    public function getBaselineStats(): array
    {
        $totalBaselines = count($this->baselines);
        $expiredBaselines = 0;
        $avgSampleSize = 0;
        $avgAge = 0;

        $now = $this->clock->time();

        foreach ($this->baselines as $baseline) {
            if ($this->isBaselineExpired($baseline)) {
                $expiredBaselines++;
            }

            $avgSampleSize += $baseline->sampleSize;
            $age = $baseline->lastUpdated->diff($now);
            $avgAge += $age->toSeconds();
        }

        if ($totalBaselines > 0) {
            $avgSampleSize /= $totalBaselines;
            $avgAge /= $totalBaselines;
        }

        return [
            'total_baselines' => $totalBaselines,
            'expired_baselines' => $expiredBaselines,
            'active_baselines' => $totalBaselines - $expiredBaselines,
            'avg_sample_size' => $avgSampleSize,
            'avg_age_seconds' => $avgAge,
            'behavior_types' => $this->getBaselineFeatureTypes(),
            'feature_history_size' => array_sum(array_map('count', $this->featureHistory)),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Create initial baseline from feature history
     */
    private function createInitialBaseline(FeatureType $behaviorType, string $featureName, array $featureHistory): Baseline
    {
        $values = array_map(fn (Feature $f) => $f->value, $featureHistory);

        $stats = $this->calculateStatistics($values);
        $confidence = $this->calculateBaselineConfidence($stats['sample_size']);

        // Apply seasonal adjustment if enabled
        if ($this->enableSeasonalAdjustment) {
            $stats = $this->applySeasonalAdjustment($stats, $featureHistory);
        }

        return new Baseline(
            type: $behaviorType,
            mean: $stats['mean'],
            standardDeviation: $stats['std_dev'],
            sampleSize: $stats['sample_size'],
            p50: $stats['p50'],
            p95: $stats['p95'],
            p99: $stats['p99'],
            confidence: $confidence,
            lastUpdated: $this->clock->time(),
            metadata: [
                'feature_name' => $featureName,
                'creation_method' => 'initial',
                'seasonal_adjusted' => $this->enableSeasonalAdjustment,
            ]
        );
    }

    /**
     * Update existing baseline with new data
     */
    private function updateExistingBaseline(Baseline $existingBaseline, array $featureHistory): Baseline
    {
        if (! $this->enableAdaptiveBaselines) {
            return $existingBaseline;
        }

        $values = array_map(fn (Feature $f) => $f->value, $featureHistory);
        $newStats = $this->calculateStatistics($values);

        // Adaptive learning rate based on sample size and confidence
        $adaptiveLearningRate = $this->calculateAdaptiveLearningRate($existingBaseline, $newStats['sample_size']);

        // Exponential moving average update
        $updatedMean = $existingBaseline->mean * (1 - $adaptiveLearningRate) + $newStats['mean'] * $adaptiveLearningRate;
        $updatedStdDev = $existingBaseline->standardDeviation * (1 - $adaptiveLearningRate) + $newStats['std_dev'] * $adaptiveLearningRate;

        // Update percentiles with recent data
        $combinedValues = array_slice($values, -$this->maxSamplesPerBaseline);
        sort($combinedValues);

        $p50 = $this->calculatePercentile($combinedValues, 50);
        $p95 = $this->calculatePercentile($combinedValues, 95);
        $p99 = $this->calculatePercentile($combinedValues, 99);

        $newSampleSize = min($existingBaseline->sampleSize + $newStats['sample_size'], $this->maxSamplesPerBaseline);
        $confidence = $this->calculateBaselineConfidence($newSampleSize);

        return new Baseline(
            type: $existingBaseline->type,
            mean: $updatedMean,
            standardDeviation: $updatedStdDev,
            sampleSize: $newSampleSize,
            p50: $p50,
            p95: $p95,
            p99: $p99,
            confidence: $confidence,
            lastUpdated: $this->clock->time(),
            metadata: array_merge($existingBaseline->metadata, [
                'update_method' => 'adaptive',
                'learning_rate' => $adaptiveLearningRate,
                'updates_count' => ($existingBaseline->metadata['updates_count'] ?? 0) + 1,
            ])
        );
    }

    /**
     * Incremental update using exponential moving average
     */
    private function incrementalUpdate(Baseline $baseline, Feature $newFeature): Baseline
    {
        $learningRate = $this->calculateAdaptiveLearningRate($baseline, 1);

        $updatedMean = $baseline->mean * (1 - $learningRate) + $newFeature->value * $learningRate;

        // Update variance using Welford's online algorithm
        $delta = $newFeature->value - $baseline->mean;
        $delta2 = $newFeature->value - $updatedMean;
        $variance = pow($baseline->standardDeviation, 2);
        $updatedVariance = $variance * (1 - $learningRate) + $delta * $delta2 * $learningRate;
        $updatedStdDev = sqrt(max(0, $updatedVariance));

        return new Baseline(
            type: $baseline->type,
            mean: $updatedMean,
            standardDeviation: $updatedStdDev,
            sampleSize: $baseline->sampleSize + 1,
            p50: $baseline->p50, // Keep existing percentiles for incremental updates
            p95: $baseline->p95,
            p99: $baseline->p99,
            confidence: $baseline->confidence,
            lastUpdated: $this->clock->time(),
            metadata: array_merge($baseline->metadata, [
                'update_method' => 'incremental',
                'last_value' => $newFeature->value,
            ])
        );
    }

    /**
     * Calculate statistics from values
     */
    private function calculateStatistics(array $values): array
    {
        if (empty($values)) {
            return [
                'mean' => 0.0,
                'std_dev' => 0.0,
                'sample_size' => 0,
                'p50' => 0.0,
                'p95' => 0.0,
                'p99' => 0.0,
            ];
        }

        $mean = array_sum($values) / count($values);
        $variance = array_sum(array_map(fn ($v) => pow($v - $mean, 2), $values)) / count($values);
        $stdDev = sqrt($variance);

        sort($values);

        return [
            'mean' => $mean,
            'std_dev' => $stdDev,
            'sample_size' => count($values),
            'p50' => $this->calculatePercentile($values, 50),
            'p95' => $this->calculatePercentile($values, 95),
            'p99' => $this->calculatePercentile($values, 99),
        ];
    }

    /**
     * Calculate percentile from sorted values
     */
    private function calculatePercentile(array $sortedValues, float $percentile): float
    {
        if (empty($sortedValues)) {
            return 0.0;
        }

        $index = ($percentile / 100) * (count($sortedValues) - 1);
        $lower = (int)floor($index);
        $upper = (int)ceil($index);

        if ($lower === $upper) {
            return $sortedValues[$lower];
        }

        $weight = $index - $lower;

        return $sortedValues[$lower] * (1 - $weight) + $sortedValues[$upper] * $weight;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate adaptive learning rate
     */
    private function calculateAdaptiveLearningRate(Baseline $baseline, int $newSamples): float
    {
        // Decrease learning rate as confidence increases
        $confidenceFactor = 1.0 - ($baseline->confidence->getValue() / 100.0);

        // Increase learning rate for more new samples
        $sampleFactor = min(1.0, $newSamples / 10.0);

        return $this->learningRate * $confidenceFactor * $sampleFactor;
    }

    /**
     * Calculate baseline confidence based on sample size
     */
    private function calculateBaselineConfidence(int $sampleSize): Percentage
    {
        // Confidence increases with sample size, plateaus at 95%
        $confidence = min(95.0, ($sampleSize / $this->minSamplesForBaseline) * 75.0);

        return new Percentage(max(0.0, $confidence));
    }

    /**
     * Apply seasonal adjustment to statistics
     */
    private function applySeasonalAdjustment(array $stats, array $featureHistory): array
    {
        // Simple seasonal adjustment based on time of day/week patterns
        $hourCounts = array_fill(0, 24, 0);
        $dayOfWeekCounts = array_fill(0, 7, 0);

        foreach ($featureHistory as $feature) {
            if ($feature->timestamp !== null) {
                $hour = (int)$feature->timestamp->format('H');
                $dayOfWeek = (int)$feature->timestamp->format('w');

                $hourCounts[$hour]++;
                $dayOfWeekCounts[$dayOfWeek]++;
            }
        }

        // Calculate seasonal factors (simplified)
        $currentHour = (int)$this->clock->time()->format('H');
        $currentDayOfWeek = (int)$this->clock->time()->format('w');

        $avgHourlyCount = array_sum($hourCounts) / 24;
        $avgDailyCount = array_sum($dayOfWeekCounts) / 7;

        $hourlyFactor = $avgHourlyCount > 0 ? $hourCounts[$currentHour] / $avgHourlyCount : 1.0;
        $dailyFactor = $avgDailyCount > 0 ? $dayOfWeekCounts[$currentDayOfWeek] / $avgDailyCount : 1.0;

        // Apply seasonal adjustment (conservative)
        $seasonalFactor = ($hourlyFactor + $dailyFactor) / 2;
        $adjustmentWeight = 0.1; // Limit seasonal impact

        $stats['mean'] *= (1 + ($seasonalFactor - 1) * $adjustmentWeight);
        $stats['std_dev'] *= (1 + abs($seasonalFactor - 1) * $adjustmentWeight);

        return $stats;
    }

    /**
     * Record feature in history
     */
    private function recordFeature(string $key, Feature $feature): void
    {
        if (! isset($this->featureHistory[$key])) {
            $this->featureHistory[$key] = [];
        }

        $this->featureHistory[$key][] = $feature;

        // Limit history size
        if (count($this->featureHistory[$key]) > $this->maxSamplesPerBaseline) {
            array_shift($this->featureHistory[$key]);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Check if baseline should be updated
     */
    private function shouldUpdateBaseline(string $key): bool
    {
        $lastUpdate = $this->updateTimestamps[$key] ?? null;

        if ($lastUpdate === null) {
            return true;
        }

        $timeSinceUpdate = $lastUpdate->diff($this->clock->time());

        return $timeSinceUpdate->toMilliseconds() >= $this->baselineUpdateInterval->toMilliseconds();
    }

    /**
     * Check if baseline is expired
     */
    private function isBaselineExpired(Baseline $baseline): bool
    {
        $age = $baseline->lastUpdated->diff($this->clock->time());

        return $age->toMilliseconds() > $this->baselineMaxAge->toMilliseconds();
    }

    /**
     * Generate baseline key
     */
    private function generateBaselineKey(FeatureType $behaviorType, string $featureName): string
    {
        return $behaviorType->value . ':' . $featureName;
    }

    /**
     * Get behavior types with baselines
     */
    private function getBaselineFeatureTypes(): array
    {
        $types = [];

        foreach ($this->baselines as $baseline) {
            $types[] = $baseline->type->value;
        }

        return array_unique($types);
    }

    /**
     * Record baseline update metrics
     */
    private function recordBaselineUpdate(string $key, int $sampleCount): void
    {
        $this->performanceMetrics[] = [
            'timestamp' => $this->clock->time()->toUnixTimestamp(),
            'baseline_key' => $key,
            'sample_count' => $sampleCount,
            'operation' => 'update',
        ];

        // Limit metrics history
        if (count($this->performanceMetrics) > 1000) {
            array_shift($this->performanceMetrics);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get performance metrics
     */
    public function getPerformanceMetrics(): array
    {
        return $this->performanceMetrics;
    }

    /**
     * Get configuration
     */
    public function getConfiguration(): array
    {
        return [
            'baseline_update_interval_ms' => $this->baselineUpdateInterval->toMilliseconds(),
            'baseline_max_age_ms' => $this->baselineMaxAge->toMilliseconds(),
            'min_samples_for_baseline' => $this->minSamplesForBaseline,
            'max_samples_per_baseline' => $this->maxSamplesPerBaseline,
            'learning_rate' => $this->learningRate,
            'enable_adaptive_baselines' => $this->enableAdaptiveBaselines,
            'enable_seasonal_adjustment' => $this->enableSeasonalAdjustment,
            'active_baselines' => count($this->baselines),
            'total_feature_history' => array_sum(array_map('count', $this->featureHistory)),
        ];
    }
}